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Alpine Camber [Skiing]
	A slight camber built into Alpine skis so that they're relatively rigid, allowing more maneuverability on slopes. See also double camber; Nordic camber.

Alpine Combined [Skiing]
	A competitive event that combines results from one downhill run and two slalom runs.

Alpine Skiing [Skiing]
	The term used to distinguish downhill from Nordic skiing, and includes the disciplines of Alpine ski-touring, downhill racing, freestyle, giant slalom, special slalom, and recreational skiing (on or off prepared pistes). Alpine skis have bindings that fix both the toe and the heel to the ski.

Also Ran [Horse Racing]
	Any selection not finishing 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th in a race or event.

Also-Eligible [Horse Racing]
	Horses that originally entered in the race that will not run unless other horses are scratched (declared) out of the body of the race.

Also-Ran [Horse Racing]
	A horse that finishes out of the money (first, second or third).

Altered [Motor Sports]
	A class of drag racer that starts with an automobile body and can then be modified in almost any manner.

Alternate Ball [Golf]
	Format in which players alternate hitting each other's ball on each stroke until the hole is finished. For example, after teeing off, player 1 hits player 2's ball and vice versa.

Alternate Starter [Motor Sports]
	An alternate starter is the fastest (or sometimes the two or three fastest) among the cars that did not qualify for the race. If a driver is unable to start the race, that driver and car would have to withdraw. In this event, an alternate starter would be added to the field to take the place of the withdrawn team.

Alternating-Possession Rule [Basketball]
	In high school and college basketball, most jump balls have been eliminated in favor of a rule that the teams take turns gaining possession for a throw-in after a held ball and similar stoppages of play when possession is in question. The possession arrow indicates which team gets the ball on the next such occasion.

Alternative Flying [Skydiving]
	Different parachuting disciplines, such as skysurfing, freestyle and sit-flying (chute assis) that emphasize flying postures other than traditional horizontal, belly-to-earth flying. Jumpers are not confined to falling vertically relative to one another in a single body position. Also called freeflight and three-dimensional, or 3D, flying.

Alternative Fuels [Motor Sports]
	May be alcohol-based, such as ethanol or methanol; compressed natural gas; or combinations of gasoline and alcohol.

Alternator [Motor Sports]
	A device that converts rotational energy to AC current. Alternators provide energy for the vehicle electrical system. The alternator also recharges the battery.

Altimeter [Skydiving]
	Shows your height above the ground in thousands of feet. Audible altimeters beep when you fall through a preset altitude. These are only a backup for a visual altimeter since if they don't work they don't tell you that they haven't worked, or if you don't hear them they won't remind you.

Aluminum Oxide [Golf]
	Media used in sandblasting applications of metal wood heads and iron faces. Also known as aluminum oxide sand.

Aluminum Shafts [Golf]
	Golf shafts formed from aluminum tubing, used primarily in the 1960’s and early 70’s. They did not gain popularity due to their feel (as a result of their thicker walls as compared to steel shafts) and due to them being less durable than steel shafts.

Aluminum Wood Head [Golf]
	A type of metal wood head constructed primarily from aluminum alloys through a die casting process. Aluminum woods are generally utilized by beginning players due to their lower price. They typically are not as durable as stainless steel woods. They may also be known as aluminum alloy heads.

Alumni [Baseball]

Notre Dame's 792 baseball monogram winners include several who have gone on to successful administrative careers: executive director of the Notre Dame Alumni Association Chuck Lennon (catcher, 1960-61), recently-retired Notre Dame assistant vice president for special events Jim Gibbons (P/OF, '52-'53), commissioner of the Mid-American Conference Rick Chryst (OF, '81-'83), Xavier University athletic director Mike Bobinski (P, '78-'79), Indiana lieutenant governor Joe Kernan (C, '67-'68), Detroit Tigers executive John McHale (1B, '43) and former Notre Dame athletic director Dick Rosenthal (1B, '52-'53). Former Irish pitcher Steve Whitmyer ('83) is in his first season as the head baseball coach at Navy.

Always Close [Golf]
	Maintained 2-3 lengths behind winner.

Amas [Sailing]
	The outboard hulls of a trimaran.

Amateur [Golf]
	A golfer who plays without monetary compensation.

Amateur (Rider) [General]
	On racecards, their names are prefixed by Mr, Mrs, Captain, etc, to indicate their amateur status

Amateur Race [Horse Racing]
	A contest involving amateur riders where, in most cases, there is no wagering.

Ambrose [Golf]
	See Game Variations. -Top

Amc. [Poker]
	"All my chips." An announcement, usually in a no-limit game, on his turn that a player is betting or raising all of his chips.

American Airlines [Poker]
	In Hold'em, a pair of Aces in the hole. Better known (at least in rec.gambling) as Pocket Rockets.

American Football [Soccer]
	A term used by non-Americans to distinguish the popular U.S. sport of football from soccer which they also call football.

American Wheel [Roulette]

A roulette wheel that has a total of 38 numbers (0 and 00 and numbers 1-36). The number sequence is (clockwise starting with 0): 0, 28, 9, 26, 30, 11, 7, 20, 32, 17, 5, 22, 34, 15, 3, 24, 36, 13, 1, 00, 27, 10, 25, 29, 12, 8, 19, 31, 18, 6, 21, 33, 16, 4, 23, 35, 14, 2. Originally, the double-zero wheel started in Europe and the single-zero wheel started in America. But, Europeans liked the single-zero wheel better, and Americans liked the double-zero wheel better so they switched. Today, the American wheel and double-zero wheel are synonymous.

Amidships [Sailing]
	In the center of the boat.

Ammo [Poker]
	Chips. "Houseman, I need more ammo" is a request for more chips.

Ammunition [Poker]
	Chips. "Houseman, I need more ammunition" is a request for more chips.

Amoc [Motor Sports]
	Aston Martin Owners Club - Event organisers

Amortization [Motor Sports]
	The gradual reduction of a debt by periodic payments large enough to meet current interest payments and repay the principal.

Amount Financed [Motor Sports]
	The portion of the purchase price that is actually financed. In addition to the cost of the car, it can include the costs of an extended warranty, credit life insurance, and other items rolled into the payments.

Amplitude [Gymnastics]
	Height, speed, or vigor in the execution of a movement. Generally, higher amplitude results in a higher score.

Ams [Motor Sports]
	Atlanta Motor Speedway.

Amw [Wrestling]
	Appalachian Mountain Wrestling

An Ace Caught a Loose Duce [Craps]
	Three.

An Ace Working [Poker]
	An ace in hand.

Anaconda [Poker]
	A form of seven stud in which cards are passed to left and right, sometimes multiple times, and sometimes with five cards chosen at the end and rolled, that is, exposed one at a time. Also called pass the trash, Screwy Louie

Anak, Panah [Archery]
	An arrow, Malay.

Analysis [Fencing]
	Reconstruction of the fencing phrase to determine priority of touches.

Anchor [Sailing]
	(1) A heavy metal object designed such that its weight and shape will help to hold a boat in its position when lowered to the sea bottom on a rode or chain. See kedge, lightweight, mushroom, and plow anchors. (2) The act of using an anchor.

Anchor / Anchorman [Blackjack]
	The player closest to the dealer's right which is to receive the last card before the dealer. "I'll be the anchorman or play third base". If you are new to Blackjack you may want to avoid this position. Other players will sometimes blame the anchorman for giving the dealer an advantage by not hitting or standing in the same way they would. If you're card counting, this is the best place to sit.

Anchor Bell [Sailing]
	A bell required to be rung at certain times when at anchor during fog, according to the navigation rules.

Anchor Bend [Sailing]
	A type of knot used to fasten an anchor to its line.

Anchor Chain [Sailing]
	A chain attached to the anchor. The chain acts partially as a weight to keep the anchor lying next to the ground so that it can dig in better. Chain is also not damaged as much as line when lying on rocks. The weight of the chain also helps to absorb changes in the boat's position due to waves.

Anchor Light [Sailing]
	A white light, usually on the masthead, visible from all directions, used when anchored.

Anchor Locker [Sailing]
	A locker used to store the anchor rode and anchor.

Anchor Man [General]
	The player betting on the last box on the blackjack table and making the final decision, therefore anchoring the game.

Anchor Point [Archery]
	The place where an arrows nock is drawn to before release, usually the chin, cheek, ear or chest. Used to help aiming.

Anchor Rode [Sailing]
	The line or chain attached to the anchor and secured to the boat.

Anchor Roller [Sailing]
	Also called bow roller. A fitting with a small wheel that allows the anchor and chain to roll over when dropping or raising the anchor. Some anchor rollers also have a provision to store the anchor as well.

Anchor Watch [Sailing]
	A watch kept when the boat is at anchor in case the anchor starts to drag.

Anchor Windlass [Sailing]
	A windlass used to assist when raising the anchor.

Anchor; Anchor Man [Bowling]
	Last bowler to roll for a team; usually the team's best bowler. It originally comes from tug-of-war, where the strongest, heaviest man on the team is stationed at the end as an anchor.

Anchorage [Sailing]
	A place where a boat anchors, usually an established and marked area.

Anemia [Horse Racing]
	This is a blood condition where the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin or both are found to be below the normal limits.

Anemometer [Sailing]
	A device that measures wind velocity.

Aneroid Barometer [Sailing]
	A mechanical barometer used to measure air pressure for warnings of changing weather.

Angle [Wrestling]
	N. a wrestling "plot" which may involve only one match or may continue over several matches for some time; the reason behind a feud or a turn.

Angle of Approach [Golf]
	The steepness of descent of ascent of the clubhead's forward swing which influences the trajectory and distance a ball will travel.

Angle of Attack [Motor Sports]
	The angle of an Indy car style wing. The angle is varied by track to produce optimal downforce and minimize drag.

Angle of Divergence [Croquet]
	Angle at which balls part when a croquet shot is made. (see: Newtonian Physics).

Angle of Split [Croquet]
	On a croquet shot, the angle between two lines, along which the two balls travel. see:Geometry).

Angle Shooter [Poker]

A poker player who uses various underhanded, unfair methods to take advantage of inexperienced opponents. The difference between an angle shooter and a cheat is only a matter of degree. What a cheat or thief does is patently against the rules; what an angle shooter does may be marginally legal, but it's neither ethical nor gentlemanly. Nor is it in the spirit of the game. Unfortunately, poker is not a gentleman's game. In addition to learning how to protect yourself against cheating players, you must learn to watch out for the angle shooters.

Angular Limb Deformity [Horse Racing]
	A limb that is not conformationaly correct because of developmental problems in the angles of the joints.

Angulation [Skiing]
	A body position used to maintain balance whilst edging and skiing downhill, by pushing the knees and hips up into the slope, and tilting the head and upper body to lean out.

Anhydrosis [Horse Racing]

Inability to sweat in response to work output or increases in body temperature. Also known as a "non-sweater." Most are athletic horses though frequently the condition appears in pasteured horses not being ridden. Most commonly occurs when both the temperature and humidity are high. Horses raised in temperate regions and then transported to hot climates are most prone to develop the condition but even acclimated horses can be at risk. Clinical signs include inability to sweat, increased respiratory rate, elevated body temperature and decreased exercise tolerance. The condition can be reversed if the horse is moved to a more temperate climate.

Animal Skating [Skiing]
	See diagonal skating.

Ankle Lace [Wrestling]
	A hold in which the wrestler grasps the opponent by the ankles with his arms and exposes the opponent's back to the mat.

Announce [Poker]
	In high/low games, declaring one's hand as high or low or both ways (usually done with chips in hand). Usually played in home games.

Announced Bet [Poker]
	A verbal declaration by a player, in turn, in a no-limit or spread game, of the amount of his bet, or, in other games, that he is betting. In games in which announced bets are permitted, they are usually binding (when made in turn).

Annual Percentage Rate (Apr) [Motor Sports]
	The average compound interest rate over the life of the loan. A yearly rate of interest that includes fees and costs paid to acquire a loan. Lenders are required by law to disclose the annual percentage rate, which is used to compare various loans; it makes simple interest and compound interest loans comparable with each other.

Annuity [Lotto]
	An annuity is a financial instrument not unlike a loan or mortgage. Lotteries use annuities to create higher jackpots than they have the cash on hand to support. The problem with this is that, like a bank who lends through a mortgage, the player who wins an annuity-backed jackpot must collect the money slowly, usually over 20 to 26 years.

Annulment of Hit [Fencing]
	The referee's act of disallowing a hit because of a rules infringement or technical fault.

Anoca [General]
	Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa.

Anson [Baseball]
	Brothers Sturgis and Cap Anson helped popularize baseball on the Notre Dame campus in 1866 (Cap later became one of pro baseball's most dynamic players in the late 1800s). Notre Dame began playing off-campus competition in 1888 and baseball became a varsity sport in 1892. The program's first varsity game was held April 21, 1892, a 6-4 home win over the University of Michigan.

Ante [Poker]
	1) One or more chips put into each pot by each player before the cards are dealt. An ante is not part of a player's next bet, as opposed to a blind, which usually is. 2) The player to the left of the dealer, usually in an ante and straddle game.

Ante and Straddle [Poker]

A game in which the player to the left of the dealer (the ante) puts in (usually) one chip before getting any cards, and the player to his left (the straddle) puts in two chips. (Sometimes the dealer also puts in one chip.) The first player to have a choice on making a bet after having seen his cards is the player two positions to the left of the dealer. This is an old name for what is now called a two-blind traveling blind game. This is similar to a blind and straddle game. Also see little blind, middle blind, big blind.

Ante Bean [Poker]
	An ante, or a chip used to ante.

Ante Post [Greyhound Racing]
	(Also, Futures) Bets placed in advance predicting the outcome of a future event. Ante-post prices are those on major sporting events, usually prior to the day of the event itself. In return for the chance of better odds, punters risk the fact that stakes are not returned if their selection pulls out or is cancelled.

Ante Up [Poker]
	Put one's ante in the pot.

Ante Up. [Poker]
	A request, usually by the dealer, to one or more players to ante up.

Ante-Post [General]
	Betting (usually on the most important races) days, weeks and even months before the race is due to take place

Ante-Post (Also Known as "Futures") [General]
	A wager made at an agreed price some time before the event is decided.

Antei [Martial Arts]
	Balance," "stability," or "equilibrium.

Anterior [Horse Racing]
	Toward the front.

Anterior Enteritis [Horse Racing]
	Acute inflammation of the small intestine producing signs of abdominal distress, such as colic and diarrhea.

Anti-Lock Brake System (Abs) [Motor Sports]

A computer-controlled braking system that senses impending wheel lockup and pulses the brakes many times a second to prevent it. This results in the most important benefit of ABS: by preventing wheel lockup, it allows the driver to maintain steering control. Unfortunately, too few drivers are trained to use ABS properly. When the system engages, it may vibrate the brake pedal. A driver who doesn't know how to use ABS may lift his foot from the pedal when he receives this feedback, effectively disengaging the system

Anti-Roll Bar [Motor Sports]
	A suspension component. A steel rod or tube that connects the left and right suspension members to resist roll or swaying of the vehicle. Improves handling.

Anti-Roll Bar/ Sway Bar/ Stabilizer Bar [Motor Sports]
	A steel rod or tube that connects the right and left suspension members together to resist roll or swaying of the vehicle. An anti-roll bar improves the handling of a vehicle by increasing stability during cornering or evasive maneuvers. Most vehicles have front anti-roll bars. Anti-roll bars at both the front and rear wheels can reduce roll further.

Anti-Shank [Golf]
	General term given to older hickory shafted golf clubs that had large bends or offsets in their hosels to eliminate shanked shots.

Anti-Spin Rubber [Table Tennis]
	A slick rubber that has little reaction to spin on the opponent's shot. Compare sticky rubber.

Anticipation [Skiing]
	A twisting, or pre-rotation of the upper torso into the direction of the intended turn. The movement creates tension of the body, which aids turning of the skis at the start of the turn. Followed with counter-rotation.

Antifouling [Sailing]
	Poisonous paint used on the bottom of the boat to prevent barnacles and other organisms from growing on the ship's bottom.

Antifreeze [Motor Sports]
	A liquid that mixes with the water in a cooling system of a vehicle's engine. Antifreeze keeps the water from freezing in the winter or cold climates, or from overheating in the summer or hot climates.

Antiroll Bar [Motor Sports]
	A bar linking suspension parts which can be adjusted to alter handling characteristics to compensate for tire wear and varying fuel loads.

Any 7 [Craps]
	A bet that the next roll will be 7. This is a one roll bet that can be made anytime. When a 7 comes up on the next roll of the dice, you win 4:1. This bet has a house edge of 16.7%.

Any Craps [Craps]
	A bet that the next roll will be 2, 3, or 12. This is a one roll bet that can be made anytime. It pays 8:1 and has a house edge of 11.1%.

Any Seven [General]
	A one-roll dice bet covering any 7.

Any to Come or Atc [General]
	A form of betting contingent upon money in hand from the original investment. "Stakes On" is a variation meaning re-invest original stake.

Any Way Up [Bingo]
	69

Anyo [Martial Arts]
	"Form." Dance-like techniques practiced in the Filipino art of arnis.

Ao [Baseball]
	Fly Outs

Ao Ii [Blackjack]
	An abbreviation for the Advanced Omega II System

Aol [Blackjack]
	An abbreviation for AmericaOnLine, the company.

Ap [Greyhound Racing]
	Apache Junction

Ap Chagi [Martial Arts]
	"Front kick." Also known as apcha busigi (front snap kick.)

Apc [Blackjack]
	The acronym for Advanced Point Count, a counting system associated with Ken Uston.

Apex [Motor Sports]
	Also "Clipping Point". The most critical part of the turn. It is the area on the inside of a turn at which the car finishes the entry phase and begins the exit phase. The car must be as balanced as possible and accelerating towards the track-out point when it "clips" the apex.

Apga [General]
	Asia Professional Golfers' Association.

Apical (Fracture) [Horse Racing]
	See sesamoids.

Aplta [General]
	All-Pakistan Lawn Tennis Association.

Apologizer [Poker]
	Same as apology card.

Apology Card [Poker]

In lowball, the appearance in the current hand of the card that would have made one's hand the previous hand. For example, a player draws to A-2-3-4 and catches a four. Next hand, he looks at the first card he receives from the dealer. It's a five, which he turns face up for the whole table to admire (presumably because some of them may never have seen a five before), while saying, "There it is, the apology card."

App [Baseball]
	Appearances

Apparatus [Gymnastics]
	One of the pieces of equipment used in gymnastics competition, including the balance beam, the horizontal bar, parallel bars, the pommel horse, still rings, uneven bars, and the vaulting horse.

Apparent Wind [Sailing]
	The apparent direction of the wind, which is affected by a boat's motion. The apparent wind is only the same as the true wind if the boat is stopped.

Appeal [Baseball]
	The act of a fielder claiming to an umpire that there was a violation of the rules by the offensive team.

Appearance Code [Motor Sports]
	A set of rules for a racing series, that govern the general appearance of each race car.

Appearance Money [Motor Sports]
	A guaranteed payment from the promoter of a race to a driver or team just for showing up, regardless of how that driver or team does in the race.

Appel [Fencing]
	Beating the ball of the foot on the ground.

Appendix Ii (Design of Clubs) [Golf]
	United States Golf Association (USGA) Rule Book section dealing specifically with regulations for the design of golf clubs.

Apple [Croquet]
	The name of the company that manufactured the machine the author used to write this book. Also, the object that fell on Newtons head that began his thinking on what has become known as Newtonian physics. An understanding of Newtonian physics is extremely helpful in understanding the movement of the balls as they are played during the game.

Application [Motor Sports]
	An initial statement of personal and financial information which is required to approve your loan.

Appraisal [Motor Sports]
	An opinion of the market value of an asset as of a specific date.

Apprentice [Horse Racing]
	A rider who has not ridden a specified amount of winners within a specific time period. These riders get weight allowances on all their mounts based on the number of winners they have. 10 pounds until the fifth winner, 7 pounds until the 35th winner and five pounds for one calendar year after the date of the 5th winner.

Apprentice Allowance [Horse Racing]
	Weight concession to an apprentice rider: usually 10 pounds until the fifth winner, seven pounds until the 35th winner and five pounds for one calendar year from the fifth winner. Also, three pounds are sometimes permitted for an additional year when riding for original contract holder. This rule varies from state to state.

Apprentice Jockey [Greyhound Racing]
	Apprenticed to a trainer, apprentice jockeys have typically won less than 60 races and been in apprenticeship for less than 4 years. The weight carried by a horse is reduced from that stated in the handicap.

Apprentice Rider (Bug Rider) [Horse Racing]
	A student jockey. The term "bug" comes from the weight concession symbol found in the program (an asterisk "*") which looks like a bug.

Apprentice Weight (Bug Weight) [Horse Racing]
	An apprentice rider is allowed to carry less weight due to his/her inexperience. When this weight concession is allowed the program denotes the weight in the program with an asterisk "*".

Approach [Bowling]
	1) The movement of the bowler from address to delivery. 2) The area of the lane behind the foul line, which must be at least 15 feet long.

Approach Shot [Tennis]
	A shot played with the aim of winning a point quickly, often hit from mid-court deep into the corner of the opponent's court. The attacking player normally goes to the net to intercept any return with a volley.

Approximates [General]
	The approximate price a horse is quoted at before a race begins. Bookmakers use these approximates as a guide to set their boards.